Why Women's Hormones are Intensified When They Are on Their Period

The menstrual cycle is a biological process that prepares for pregnancy. During the cycle, an egg develops in the ovaries. The menstrual lining, called the endometrium, builds up. The egg then releases from the ovaries. The uterine lining sheds during the menstrual period if a pregnancy doesn't occur. Then, the cycle starts again.

Cycles can vary in length, and most women will experience changes in their cycle throughout their life. But one thing that remains constant is hormonal changes. That continues through to menopause when hormone levels decrease. When that happens, it's important to consult with an in-person or virtual menopause doctor.

The Phases of the Menstrual Cycle

There are two distinct phases of the menstrual cycle. The first is the follicular phase. It's the first phase, lasting from menstruation to ovulation. Duration varies, but it typically lasts around 14 days.

The follicular phase begins on the first day of the period. It triggers the pituitary gland to release follicle-stimulating hormone. That hormone causes the ovaries to produce up to 20 small sacs, known as follicles.

The body absorbs most of those sacs. But one will mature.

The pituitary gland will cause a surge in the luteinizing hormone. It's what's responsible for maturing the healthiest egg.

When the ovaries release the mature egg, the follicles transform into a mass of cells called corpus luteum. That mass creates a gradual increase in progesterone hormones.

Throughout the follicular phase, women experience a substantial spike in estrogen. That increase leads to the luteal phase, the second part of the menstrual cycle. The luteal stage follows ovulation and lasts until menstruation.

Estrogen levels drop during the second part of the menstrual cycle. They experience a modest bump before decreasing at the end of the cycle. Meanwhile, progesterone spikes during the luteal phase.

Hormones experience significant elevation throughout the luteal phase. For that reason, many women experience anxiety, stress and other effects during their period.     

Progesterone and estrogen levels decrease during perimenopause, leading to mood changes, hot flashes, vaginal dryness and other symptoms. At that time, it's important to consult with a virtual menopause doctor.

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